El autor aprovecha el fallido debate que tuvo lugar entre John Searle y Jacques Derrida desde finales de los anos setenta, en torno a la teoria de los actos de habla de John L. Austin. Este desencuentro no solo es analizado minuciosamente sino que ofrece sendas visiones retrospectivas de las tradiciones de Searle y Derrida, al tiempo que aprovecha el episodio para retratar algunos momentos de la filosofia contemporanea y reflexionar sobre los grande problemas de la filosofia del lenguaje y (...) de la mente: la palabra como instrumento de comunicacion, la intencionalidad de la conciencia y la diferancia como aspecto constitutivo de todo texto. (shrink)

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders in children and adolescents. People who have this disorder are characterized by presenting difficulties in the processes of sustained attention, being very active, and having poor control of their impulses. Despite the high prevalence of this disorder and the existence of various tests used for its diagnosis, few data are available regarding the usefulness and diagnostic validity of these tools. Given the difficulties that these subjects present in executive functions, (...) the aim of this study was to evaluate whether the Neuropsychological Assessment of Executive Functions battery for Children allows to establish specific profiles of executive performance for people with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. The sample was made up of 197 participants of both sexes, aged between 6 and 12 years age. A nonexperimental design was followed, using a comparative descriptive study method. The results indicated that the scales of phonological fluency, color path, rings, and interference are the most associated with the diagnosis of ADHD, providing data on inhibition, mental flexibility, sustained and selective attention, planning, verbal fluency, and working memory, among others. The practical implication of these results is in line with providing support in the clinical diagnosis that is carried out in children’s mental health units. In addition, the ENFEN tool can be valued as a suitable psychometric instrument in the psychoeducational field, helping professionals in a school environment to be more aware of the areas of cognitive development in which a student diagnosed with ADHD will have more difficulties and, in doing so, providing more adjusted and effective psychopedagogical measures when it comes to supporting students in their adaptation to the school environment. (shrink)

A correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10739-021-09640-x.

Suele considerarse que los ensayos de Montaigne contienen el germen del subjetivismo moderno: incapaz de superar su crisis escéptica, Montaigne habría iniciado el giro de la filosofía hacia la interioridad del yo, ensayándose a sí mismo en su escritura, replegándose sobre sí. Sin embargo, conviene no olvidar que los Ensayos carecieron del firme -y falaz- apoyo de la certeza; por ese motivo Montaigne no nos ofrece un decálogo a seguir por un sujeto solitario en el ejercicio autárquico de su razón. (...) Por el contrario, consciente de que la incertidumbre nunca podrá ser despejada, centra su reflexión en el ejercicio de la conversación asumiendo la relación y el comercio con el otro como elementos constitutivos de su propia identidad. (shrink)

In the first edition of the Origin of Species, Charles Darwin apologized for not correctly referencing all the works cited in his magnum opus. More than 150 years later we have catalogued these citations and analyzed the resultant data. Looking for a complete selection of collaborators, a flexible interpretation of the term citation was necessary; we define it as any reference made to a third party, independently of its form or function. Following the same idea, the sixth edition of the (...) Origin, originally published in 1872 and reprinted with minor additions and corrections in 1876, was chosen for the research because it represents the end of a long debate between Darwin and his peers. It naturally is the edition with the greatest number of citations and collaborators. Through a diverse theoretical analysis, we aim to present a new perspective for the study of the Origin of Species: a bibliographic approach that provides the tools needed to understand the history of the book as a physical and cultural object. Bibliometrics provides a theory of citations as well as a quantitative analysis; science studies highlights the profound social aspects of science in the making. The analysis resulted in 639 citations to 298 collaborators and provided a new perspective of the rhetorical structure of the Origin, even though these results are only the tip of the iceberg of the potential of all the data gathered in this study. (shrink)

One of the main limitations of natural language‐based approaches to meaning is that they do not incorporate multimodal representations the way humans do. In this study, we evaluate how well different kinds of models account for people's representations of both concrete and abstract concepts. The models we compare include unimodal distributional linguistic models as well as multimodal models which combine linguistic with perceptual or affective information. There are two types of linguistic models: those based on text corpora and those derived (...) from word association data. We present two new studies and a reanalysis of a series of previous studies. The studies demonstrate that both visual and affective multimodal models better capture behavior that reflects human representations than unimodal linguistic models. The size of the multimodal advantage depends on the nature of semantic representations involved, and it is especially pronounced for basic‐level concepts that belong to the same superordinate category. Additional visual and affective features improve the accuracy of linguistic models based on text corpora more than those based on word associations; this suggests systematic qualitative differences between what information is encoded in natural language versus what information is reflected in word associations. Altogether, our work presents new evidence that multimodal information is important for capturing both abstract and concrete words and that fully representing word meaning requires more than purely linguistic information. Implications for both embodied and distributional views of semantic representation are discussed. (shrink)

In the city of Elche, every year, on the 14th and 15th of August, a sacred musical play about the death, the Assumption and the Coronation of the Virgin Mary is held. This event, known as the “Misterio de Elche”, is unique in the world. Since the middle of the 15th century it has been performed in the Basilica of Santa Maria and in the streets of the ancient city of Elche, located in the Valencian Community. In this work, classified (...) as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, the interior of the temple is transformed into 2 main stages, the scaffold, located in the lower part, and the aerial stage, located in the dome at a height of 27 m. The structure and the traction mechanisms located on the aerial stage allow the aerial devices that take part in the play, “El Araceli”, “La Mangrana” and “La Santísima Trinidad”, to be raised and lowered. It should be noted that between 2 and 5 singing actors are embarked on these devices. This article describes the main characteristics of the aerial stage structure, the 3 apparatus and the mechanical systems used. In addition, the age and modifications of “El Araceli” are analysed, as well as the results of a non-destructive test carried out on this device. (shrink)

De l'anonyme le plus discret au professeur le plus admiré, nombre d'entre nous cherche son quart d'heure de gloire. Ce penchant, exposé, exploité et nourri par la présence des médias et des réseaux sociaux dans notre quotidien devient un phénomène de société majeur. Quelle est l'origine de ce besoin de visibilité, de cette quête insatiable de notoriété, de cette soif inextinguible de reconnaissance? Après quoi court ce monde qui tourne autour de la popularité? Pour répondre à ces questions, Elsa (...) Godart en appelle à la philosophie. Elle sonde les caractéristiques typiques d'une époque exhibitionniste et développe l'idée selon laquelle cette quête de célébrité, et plus largement de 'reconnaissance,' cache le vide de nos vies, nos manques-à-être, nos absences, nos vacuités, nos disparitions, nos oublis et nos contresens. Mais plutôt que de chercher à exister à tout prix, ne serait-il pas temps de recommencer à vivre?"--Page 4 of cover. (shrink)

Vol. 1. Le sujet de la conscience. Formation -- vol. 2. Le sujet de l'inconscient. Déformation -- vol. 3. Le sujet du virtuel. Transformation.

El artículo apunta a desarrollar una reflexión sobre el tema de las memorias del conflicto político armado y/o de la guerra, que podría contribuir a potenciar políticamente los esfuerzos y las iniciativas de muchas organizaciones de víctimas en el país. En las propuestas que viene haciendo la geopolítica crítica en el marco de discusiones del pensamiento social contemporáneo, específicamente en lo referente a la importancia del espacio en los procesos sociales y políticos —lo que, de paso, cuestiona la concepción estadocéntrica (...) del poder—, se le confiere una enorme fuerza política a otros espacios y lugares, más cercanos a los sujetos que, como las víctimas, habitan lugares y espacios más micro y cotidianos. (shrink)

Miranda Fricker distinguishes two senses in which testimonial injustice is epistemic. In the primary sense, it is epistemic because it harms the victim as a giver of knowledge. In the secondary sense, it is epistemic, more narrowly, because it harms the victim as a possessor of knowledge. Her characterization of testimonial injustice has raised the following objection: testimonial injustice is not always an epistemic injustice, in the narrow, secondary sense, as it does not always entail that the victim is harmed (...) as a knowledge-possessor. By adopting a perspective based on Robert Brandom's normative expressivism, we respond to this objection by arguing that there is a close connection, conceptual and constitutive rather than merely causal, between the primary and the secondary epistemic harms of testimonial injustice, such that testimonial injustice always involves both kinds of epistemic harm. We do so by exploring the logic and functioning of belief and knowledge ascriptions in order to highlight three ways in which the secondary epistemic harm caused by testimonial injustice crystallizes: it undermines the epistemic agency of the victim, the epistemic friction necessary for knowledge, and the possibility of occupying particular epistemic nodes. (shrink)

Premier volume d’une nouvelle collection (« Cambridge Studies in the Dia­logues of Plato », dirigée par Mary Margaret McCabe), Plato’s ‘Cratylus’ présente, d’un dialogue de Platon particulièrement complexe, une lecture radicalement nouvelle. L’ouvrage ouvre bien une voie originale par rapport aux travaux con­sacrés, depuis une douzaine d’années, à l’élucidation du sens et de la portée phi­losophiques du Cratyle (mentionnons notamment : T. M. S. Baxter, The Cratylus. Plato’s Critique of Naming...

Every day half a million passengers, 1.5 million e-mails and 1.5 trillion dollars cross international borders. In his Jihad versus McWorld — How the planet is both falling apart and coming together Benjamin Barber2 argues vividly that our modern world is torn apart by two opposite tendencies: On one hand is the globalization into enormous economic structures with one global marketplace for gigantic ‘global players’ like McDonald’s and Microsoft, accompanied by a shallow, universal, mass culture and the consumerist and materialistic (...) life-style of pop idols, video clips, soap series and popular brand names. And on the other hand is a flourishing fanatic nationalism claiming splintering independence of small ethnic communities and resulting in numerous bloody local wars: Rwanda, Bosnia, Kosovo, Timor. The refugees, that as a consequence of these conflicts flood the West, create there a multi-cultural, pluralistic society and consequently societal tension. (shrink)

Nous sommes aujourd'hui confrontés, à travers les objets techniques comme la réalité virtuelle ou, plus quotidiennement les images des jeux vidéo, à un changement qui affecte non pas les objets de la perception mais la perception elle-même. Ce changement a un nom qui est aussi un des grands impensés de la philosophie du XXe siècle : la «perception artificielle». A travers les textes d'Edmund Husserl, Jacques Derrida et Bernard Stiegler et en s'appuyant sur des cas empruntés tant aux jeux vidéos (...) et aux dispositifs de simulation qu'au cinéma, Elsa Boyer se livre à une enquête philosophique à la fois radicale et profonde. Car c'est la perception elle-même que son artificialité l'amène à repenser, par-delà l'opposition entre le réel et l'imaginaire. Relisant Husserl après Derrida et confrontant le dernier au fantôme du premier, Elsa Boyer nous montre comment la réalité virtuelle nous oblige à (re)faire de la philosophie. (shrink)

En 1685, le Code noir défendait « aux esclaves de porter aucunes armes offensives ni de gros bâtons » sous peine de fouet. Au xixe siècle, en Algérie, l'État colonial français interdisait les armes aux indigènes, tout en accordant aux colons le droit de s'armer. Aujourd'hui, certaines vies comptent si peu que l'on peut tirer dans le dos d'un adolescent tout en prétendant qu'il était agressif, armé et menaçant. Une ligne de partage oppose historiquement les corps « dignes d'être défendus (...) » et ceux qui, désarmés ou rendus indéfendables, sont laissés sans défense. Ce « désarmement » organisé des subalternes et des opprimés au profit d'une minorité jouissant d'un droit permanent à porter des armes et à en user impunément pose directement, pour tout élan de libération, la question du recours à la violence pour sa propre défense. Du jiu-jitsu des suffragettes aux pratiques insurrectionnelles du ghetto de Varsovie, des fusils des Black Panthers aux patrouilles queer, Elsa Dorlin retrace une généalogie philosophique de l'autodéfense politique. Derrière l'histoire officielle de la légitime défense, il est ici question du récit des « éthiques martiales de soi », ces histoires ensevelies où le Sujet ne préexiste pas à sa propre défense, où le fait de se défendre en attaquant apparaît à la fois comme la condition de possibilité d'un soi et la matière des mythologies politiques. Cette histoire – une histoire de la violence – conditionne la définition même de la subjectivité moderne. Elle s'écrit à la lumière d'une relecture critique de l'histoire de la philosophie politique, où Hobbes et Locke sont à confronter avec Franz Fanon, Michel Foucault ou Judith Butler. (shrink)

AbstractAccording to the standard view, Montaigne’s Pyrrhonian doubts would be in the origin of Descartes’ radical Sceptical challenges and his cogito argument. Although this paper does not deny this influence, its aim is to reconsider it from a different perspective, by acknowledging that it was not Montaigne’s Scepticism, but his Stoicism, which played the decisive role in the birth of the modern internalist conception of subjectivity. Cartesian need for certitude is to be better understood as an effect of the Stoic (...) model of wisdom, which urges the sage to build an inner space for self-sufficiency and absolute freedom.KeywordsScepticism, Stoicism, subjectivity, Michel de Montaigne, René DescartesResumenSegún el punto de vista general, las dudas pirronianas de Montaigne se situarían en el origen de los desafíos escépticos radicales del argumento cogito de Descartes. Si bien este artículo no niega tal influencia, nuestro objetivo es reconsiderarla desde una perspectiva diferente mediante el reconocimiento de que no fue el escepticismo de Montaigne sino su estoicismo el que jugó un papel decisivo en el nacimiento del concepto moderno internalista de la subjetividad. La necesidad cartesiana de certeza se entiende mejor como un efecto del modelo estoico de sabiduría, el cual impulsa al sabio a construir un espacio interior para la autosuficiencia y la libertad absoluta.Palabras claveEscepticismo, estoicismo, subjetividad, Michel de Montaigne, René Descartes. (shrink)

Ce texte constitue un bref résumé de certains travaux en cours beaucoup plus longs et détaillés sur le concept de «trace» dans la théorie linguistique contemporaine, en particulier dans la syntaxe. On pense généralement que l'idée en revient à Noam Chomsky; cependant, nous découvrons déjà son utilisation, avec une valeur très précise, dans les premiers travaux de Zellig Harris sur la linguistique mathématique ou, pour être plus précis, sur les structures mathématiques du langage. À l'origine, plutôt que d'être un index (...) responsable du marquage de la place occupée par une unité antérieure à son mouvement syntaxique (qui prend toujours la forme d'un fronting), la trace était le résultat d'un produit matriciel entre des fonctions n-adiques. Ainsi, chez Harris, la trace est avant tout un concept ancré dans le calcul matriciel ou, autrement dit, une notion algébrique. La notion de Chomsky, à son tour, est étroitement liée au langage de programmation LISP. Ce texte cherche à fournir une analyse préliminaire de la complexité conceptuelle impliquée dans le concept de trace, dont les linguistes devraient prendre conscience, sous peine de s’embourber dans des incompréhensions stériles pour notre discipline au cours des décennies à venir. (shrink)

David Sedley entreprend dans cet ouvrage dense – et aussi original que son récent commentaire du Cratyle (voir supra) – d’apporter une lumière véritable­ment nouvelle sur un dialogue platonicien aussi complexe qu’amplement com­menté. Il ne prétend pas écarter le contenu de détail des analyses du Théétète produites dans les dernières décennies mais se fixe néanmoins un objectif ambitieux : dégager un aspect radicalement inaperçu de ce dialogue et, en parti­culier, les raisons véritables pour l...

Introducción -- La verdad lejana : Lévi-Strauss -- Pensamiento en la trinchera : Wittgenstein -- La fuerza del destino : Nietzsche -- El despliegue del Espíritu : Hegel -- El instante frente al despliegue : Kierkegaard -- La imaginación mineral : Novalis -- Filosofía de la sospecha : Kant -- Esencia y formas de la simpatía : Hume -- El primado de la percepción : Berkeley -- La emoción geométrica : Spinoza -- Genio en continuidad : Leibniz -- Ensayo de (...) una vida : Montaigne -- El hombre tranquilo : Tomás de Aquino -- La vida apasionada : Agustín de Hipona -- Emanaciones : Plotino -- Filosofía del caminante : Aristóteles -- La espalda del mundo : Platón --El chamán y el filósofo : Empédocles y Parménides -- En busca del fuego : Heráclito. (shrink)

La encrucijada moderna -- El juego de los sentidos -- Ese eres tú -- Lo más íntimo y distante -- Mundo sensible -- Mundo inteligible -- Tercera parte: mundo imaginal -- Epílogo: Cultura mental.

Poser les fondements d’une justice transformatrice en France soulève de nombreuses difficultés, qu’il s’agit de considérer afin de proposer une théorie abolitionniste ancrée dans la pratique et le quotidien. L’article confronte certaines théories états-uniennes de la justice transformatrice avec le travail de terrain, notamment réalisé par l’association Fracas, dans les milieux militants queer et féministes français. L’autrice entend ainsi apporter un nouvel éclairage sur un type de justice encore peu connu en France. Justice de la communauté, la justice transformatrice appelle (...) à se réapproprier nos conflits et nos modes de gestion pour sortir du pénal et de leur judiciarisation tout en portant une réflexion de fond sur les rapports structurels de domination. (shrink)

The present study aimed to translate and identify the psychometric properties of the Behavioral Emotion Regulation Questionnaire in 315 university students from Lima, Peru, aged 16 to 44 years. The BERQ and the Multicultural Inventory of Trait State Depression were administered for the assessment. Evidence of internal structure validity was obtained through confirmatory factor analysis and exploratory structural equation modeling, while evidence of validity in relation to other variables was obtained through linear regression analysis. The results indicate that the pentafactorial (...) structure is replicated in the Peruvian sample; that adaptive strategies significantly predict eutres, and that maladaptive strategies predict distress; in addition, reliability values were acceptable. At the end, theoretical and practical aspects of the findings and the importance of continuing to provide evidence for its use in different populations and contexts are discussed, taking into account that this is the first time that a Spanish version of the BERQ has been analyzed. (shrink)

¿Fue realmente la necesidad de responder a los retos del escepticismo –y, en concreto, del escepticismo de Montaigne– lo que incitó a Descartes a formular el argumento del cogito? Este artículo defiende una respuesta negativa, pues no fue la herencia del escepticismo sino la del estoicismo clásico, también revitalizado en el Renacimiento, lo que fue determinante en el surgimiento del internalismo epistémico moderno.Palabras claves: Montaigne, Descartes, Epicteto, escepticismo, estocismo, internalismo epistémico moderno.Was Descartes’ Cogito argument an answer to the challenges of (...) Scepticism and, in particular, to Montaigne’s version of it? This paper claims that the answer to this question should be negative, since it was not the influence of Scepticism, but the one of classic Stoicism –a trend that was also retrieved in the Renaissance– the one that had the main role in the rise of modern epistemic internalism.Keywords: Montaigne, Descartes, Epictetus, Scepticism, Stoicism, modern epistemic internalism. (shrink)

8 March, now known as International Women’s Day, is a day for feminist claims where demonstrations are organized in over 150 countries, with the participation of millions of women all around the world. These demonstrations can be viewed as collective rituals and thus focus attention on the processes that facilitate different psychosocial effects. This work aims to explore the mechanisms involved in participation in the demonstrations of 8 March 2020, collective and ritualized feminist actions, and their correlates associated with personal (...) well-being and collective well-being, collective efficacy and collective growth, and behavioral intention to support the fight for women’s rights. To this end, a cross-cultural study was conducted with the participation of 2,854 people from countries in Latin America and Europe, with a retrospective correlational cross-sectional design and a convenience sample. Participants were divided between demonstration participants and non-demonstrators or followers who monitored participants through the media and social networks. Compared with non-demonstrators and with males, female and non-binary gender respondents had greater scores in mechanisms and criterion variables. Further random-effects model meta-analyses revealed that the perceived emotional synchrony was consistently associated with more proximal mechanisms, as well as with criterion variables. Finally, sequential moderation analyses showed that proposed mechanisms successfully mediated the effects of participation on every criterion variable. These results indicate that participation in 8M marches and demonstrations can be analyzed through the literature on collective rituals. As such, collective participation implies positive outcomes both individually and collectively, which are further reinforced through key psychological mechanisms, in line with a Durkheimian approach to collective rituals. (shrink)

La danse a peu fait l'objet de la philosophie. Pourtant, immanente au corps du danseur, la philosophie de la danse decoule non seulement d'une rencontre entre la danse et les problemes philosophiques, mais apporte egalement la possibilite d'un renouvellement de leur traitement en vertu de sa nouveaute. Le corps danseur est ainsi fondamental: a partir de la pratique, de l'experience, de la vie des danseurs, la philosophie parvient a restituer l'intense subtilite de leur existence. Parallelement, l'exercice de la pensee pratique (...) dans la continuite du corps incite a prendre en compte la materialite, la sensibilite, et donc a repenser, d'une certaine maniere, l'ame. Cet essai, ecrit dans un langage clair, s'adresse a la fois aux philosophes et aux danseurs, aux praticiens de ces disciplines ainsi qu'au public amateur. (shrink)

Cet ouvrage pluridisciplinaire est issu d'un séminaire international organisé par le groupe de recherche Déméter : Histoire, femmes et genre (Université d'Oviedo). Il s'inscrit au croisement de l'histoire de la maternité et de l'histoire de la médecine, dans une perspective féministe. Les auteures puisent dans des travaux historiques, philosophiques aussi bien qu'anthropologiques pour aborder la manière dont l'accouchement et plus généralement la maternité ont été encadrés, vécus et débattus...

RESUMENEste artículo propone una aproximación a la ética de la alteridad de Emmanuel Lévinas tomando como eje argumentativo la noción «rostro». En primer lugar, este concepto nos permitirá profundizar en la articulación de la relación de alteridad bajo un enfoque pragmático-lingüístico. Posteriormente, nuestra reflexión se abrirá a un análisis del mismo, en tanto que palabra y discurso, que derivará en un estudio de la responsabilidad levinasiana. Finalmente, y aún a partir de esta noción, se ahondará en la actualidad del sentido (...) y de la significación de la ética de la alteridad de Emmanuel Lévinas.PALABRAS CLAVESALTERIDAD, EXPRESIÓN, INTERPELACIÓN, ROSTRO, SENSIBILIDADABSTRACTThis article presents a close study on the ethics of alterity based on the notion of «face». Firstly, this concept will enable us to examine in detail the constitution of alterity relationship following a pragmatic and linguistic focus. Furthermore, this reflective study will lead to an analysis of «face» both as word and discourse, concluding with a study on Levinas’s concept of responsibility. Finally, keeping in line with this notion, this study will analyse topical issues related to the sense and meaning of Emmanuel Levinas’s ethics of alterity.KEYWORDSALTERITY, EXPRESSION, QUESTIONING, FACE, SENSITIVITY. (shrink)

Este artículo analiza una fotografía de Fidel Castro que es muy lejana a la etapa épica del guerrillero, pero que forma parte de la iconografía en torno a este personaje. Se trata de un retrato de Fidel a los tres años, tomado en Birán, en 1929, estudiado con el objeto de comprender los intereses y las inten ciones alrededor de su producción, así como los usos actuales de esa misma imagen. Partiendo de la consideración de la fotografía como una práctica (...) social y cultural que integra significados, ella debe ser incorporada en el estudio de la historia como un documento que permite aportar información de sus contextos de producción y reproducción. A partir de estas consideraciones, se pudo observar el significado de la representación iconográfica de Fidel a los tres años, quien fue fotografiado utilizando convenciones que resaltaban las favorables condiciones económicas de las que gozaba la familia Castro Ruz, sin embargo, la investigación revela que se le han añadido significados en sus posteriores usos, producto de intereses políticos en torno a la trayectoria guerrillera de Fidel. (shrink)

La oposición a una estricta separación entre las dimensiones dialéctica y retórica de la actividad argumentativa es una de las aportaciones más destacadas y peculiares de la denominada escuela holandesa sobre argumentación. Frans H. van Eemeren y Peter Houtlosser reaccionaron contra una separación estricta entre dialéctica y retórica en varios trabajos, pero uno de los más inspiradores es sin duda su artículo “William the Silent’s argumentative discourse” (1998) presentado en la ciudad de Ámsterdam con ocasión de la cuarta conferencia organizada (...) por la International Society for the Study of Argumentation (ISSA). Sobre este tema siguieron investigando para presentar un análisis de la perspectiva dialéctica inherente al caso de Guillermo I de Orange en un congreso de la Japan Debate Association en Tokio (van Eemeren y Houtlosser, 2000). (shrink)

Es preciso practicar una cierta arqueología para encontrar, tras el texto de los Ensayos , los vestigios de un poderoso esfuerzo: aquel que realizó su autor para transformar los textos de otros en lenguaje acerca de sí. La obra de Montaigne surge así a partir de lo ajeno, atraviesa los caminos del yo, y vuelve a encontrar al otro en la figura del lector.It's necessary to practice some kind of archeology in the text of the Essays, to find the signs (...) of a powerful effort: the one that its author took to transform other's text in language about himself. Montaigne's work emerges from the others and crosses the way of the self, to meet again the other as a reader. (shrink)

According to the standard view, Montaigne’s Pyrrhonian doubts would be in the origin of Descartes’ radical Sceptical challenges and his cogito argument. Although this paper does not deny this influence, its aim is to reconsider it from a different perspective, by acknowledging that it was not Montaigne’s Scepticism, but his Stoicism, which played the decisive role in the birth of the modern internalist conception of subjectivity. Cartesian need for certitude is to be better understood as an effect of the Stoic (...) model of wisdom, which urges the sage to build an inner space for self-sufficiency and absolute freedom. (shrink)

En el ámbito de la situación presente de crisis de lo humano, así como de la efusión actual del fenómeno místico, esta reflexión se aproxima a la experiencia mística contemporánea a través de uno de sus testigos: Etty Hillesum. El acercamiento a la trama narrativa de su diario hizo posible que el decir del ser, el decir sobre lo humano en la experiencia mística se abriera paso a través de un ejercicio hermenéutico existencial con la mediación del relato. El asunto (...) central consistió en buscar en la experiencia mística la raíz y expresiones de su fuerza humanizadora. En este sentido, a partir de una aproximación a ‘lo humano’ desde las categorías: interioridad, actitud teologal y alteridad, la reflexión abrió el paso a la consideración sobre la experiencia mística y su conexión con ‘lo humano’ que busca humanidad. Asunto éste que hizo posible plantear algunas perspectivas que contribuyan a explicitar el potencial humanizador de la Experiencia Mística hoy. ln the ambit of the present situation of the crisis of the 'human', as well as of the current outpouring of the mystic phenomenon, this reflection approaches contemporary mystical experience by one of its witnesses: Etty Hillesum. The approach to the narrative of her diary made it possible to soy of the "being", which is to say about the human in the mystical experience would open a way through a hermeneutic existential exercise with the mediation of the story. The main issue consisted of searching in the mystical experience, the root and expressions of its humanizing force. In this sense, from an approximation to the 'human' from the categories: interiority, theological attitude and otherness, the reflection opened the way for consideration on the mystical experience and its connection with the 'human' which seeks its humanity. This matter which made it possible to set out some perspectives that contribute to make explicit the humanizing potential of the Mystical Experience today. (shrink)

After arguing that Hume’s judgment on metaphysics is more nuanced than it is usually believed, the relationship between the theory of meaning and the concept, or rather the problem, of “human nature” is analysed in order to underline the relevance of human nature to the explanation of the genesis of meaning and to the extent of the principle of copy, so as to finally examine the relation between meaning and theological discourse.

En "Legal Reasons, Sources and Gaps", Raz señala que las lagunas jurídicas existen sólo cuando el derecho habla con voz incierta o cuando habla con muchas voces, pero que no hay lagunas cuando el derecho guarda silencio. En este último caso habría reglas de clausura, analíticamente verdaderas, que impiden la ocurrencia de esas lagunas. Según Raz, si hay una laguna en un sistema jurídico, entonces no es verdadero ni falso que exista una razón concluyente para ejecutar cierta acción. Así, una (...) de las contribuciones más importantes de Raz a la solución del problema de las lagunas jurídicas es subrayar que el discurso jurídico no está completamente controlado por la bivalencia. Sin embargo, a menudo se sostiene que el rechazo de la bivalencia conduce a contradicciones. Si esta afirmación fuese verdadera, entonces la solución de Raz al problema de las lagunas jurídicas se vería seriamente amenazada. En este artículo mostramos, con ayuda de una herramienta analítica sofisticada, i.e., la lógica de la verdad de G.H. von Wright, que el rechazo de la bivalencia sólo nos compromete a aceptar la conclusión trivial de que puede haber proposiciones que no son verdaderas ni falsas. Por esta razón, el trabajo de Raz todavía puede ser considerado un buen punto de partida para analizar las relaciones entre normas, razonamiento práctico y lagunas jurídicas. Sin embargo, también mostramos que para admitir proposiciones que no son verdaderas ni falsas, las tesis de Raz deben ser reformuladas. De otra manera, la tesis de que no existen lagunas cuando el derecho guarda silencio no sería compatible con el rechazo de la bivalencia. /// In his paper "Legal Reasons, Sources and Gaps", Raz says that legal gaps only exist when law speaks with uncertain voice or when it speaks with many voices, but there are no gaps when law is silent. In this later case, rules of closure, which are analytically true, prevent from the occurrence of gaps. According to Raz, if there is a gap in a legal system, then both the claim that there is a conclusive legal reason to perform a certain action, and its negation are neither true nor false. Therefore, one of the Raz's most important contributions to the solution of the problem of legal gaps is to remark that legal discourse is not altogether governed by the principie of bivalence. However, philosophers often claim that the denial of bivalence leads to a logical inconsistency. If this claim were true, then Raz's solution to the problem of gaps would be seriously threatened. In this paper we show--with the aid of a sophisticated analytical tool, i.e., von Wright's truth-logic--that the rejection of bivalence only commits us to accept the trivial conclusion that propositions can lack truth-values. For this reason, Raz's paper can still be regarded as a good starting-point for analyzing the relationships between norms, practical reasoning and legal gaps. However, we also show that in order to admit propositions which are neither true nor false, Raz's theses must be reformulated. Otherwise, the claim that there is no gap when law is silent would not be compatible with the rejection of bivalence. (shrink)

O artigo busca examinar o sentido do termo "confia- bilidade" no interior da teoria winnicottiana do amadurecimento pessoal e com relação à tarefa terapêutica. Em Winnicott, mais do que uma qualidade desejável em qualquer relação humana, a confiabilidade é a característica central do ambiente facilitador, materno e terapêutico, e está intimamente ligada à dependência. O ponto específico no qual o estudo se detém é a função essencial da confiabilidade durante o período inicial da vida, em que estão sendo constituídas as (...) bases da personalidade, com o bebê em estado de dependência absoluta da mãe. Nesse momento, a confiabilidade ambiental está diretamente implicada na constituição da identidade e dos sentidos de realidade, do si-mesmo e do mundo, tendo implicações clínicas importantes, sobretudo no que se refere ao tratamento de pacientes que usam a situação analítica para regredir à dependência.The purpose of this essay is to examine the meaning of the term "reliability" within the winnicottian maturacional process theory and its relevance to therapeutic task. According to Winnicott, reliability is more than just a desirable quality in human relations: it is the central characteristic of the facilitating - maternal and therapeutic - environment. The specific point to be examined is the essential function of reliability during the earlier stages, when the bases of the personality are being built and the baby is in a state of absolute dependence on the mother. At this moment, the environmental reliability is directly implicated in the constitution of the self as identity and the world's sense of reality. This point has significant clinical implications specially in the treatment of patients who need to regress to the dependence. (shrink)

Starting from the Michal Sandel's 2020 book "The Tyranny of Merit", in this essay we will study the resentment of white American workers without college degrees towards political, economic and social elites and its relationship to the phenomenon of disinformation and conspiracy theories, specifically the one known as QAnon. We will first explore Sandel's book and its relationship with paranoia and then we will expose the keys to the QAnon conspiracy theory, which will serve to compare the similarities between its (...) causes and logics with Sandel's reflections on the consequences of meritocracy. (shrink)

Claims of epistemic credit in social context Resumen: En este ensayo explico la propuesta fundamental de Conocimiento expropiado (Broncano 2020) en el marco agencial y fiabilista que asume el autor. A continuación, me centro en su análisis de las situaciones de injusticia testimonial, contraponiendo los caminos seguidos por Miranda Fricker (enfocado en el prejuicio del intercambio testimonial) y Broncano (enfocado en el desajuste estructural). Tras señalar las deficiencias de cada modelo, apunto una propuesta alternativa: la injusticia testimonial se produce cuando (...) la atribución de credibilidad es efecto de un juicio identitario, ya sea este ajustado o no, con respecto al colectivo al que pertenece la testigo. Abstract: In this essay, I explain the main claim of Conocimiento expropiado (Broncano 2020) against the background of the agential and reliabilist framework that its author assumes. I then focus on his analysis of situations of testimonial injustice, opposing Miranda Fricker’s approach (focused on prejudice in testimonial exchanges) and Broncano’s one (focused on structural imbalances). By pointing out the shortcommings of both models, I skech an alternative proposal: testimonial injustice is produced when the credibility assessment results from an identity judgment, whether it is effectively appropriate regarding the collective or not. Palabras clave: Epistemología política, fiabilismo agencial, injusticia testimonial, credibilidad. Keywords: Political Epistemology, agent reliabilism, testimonial injustice, credibility. (shrink)

O artigo aborda alguns dos principais aspectos da concepção winnicottiana sobre a agressividade e a destrutividade humanas, à luz da teoria do amadurecimento. Salientando ser esse um dos temas em que melhor se pode constatar a mudança paradigmática operada por Winnicott com relação à psicanálise tradicional, o artigo examina a posição do autor segundo a qual, em vez de manifestação de forças intrapsíquicas ou de afetos, a agressividade e destrutividade humanas estão intrinsecamente relacionadas à questão da constituição do sentido da (...) realidade externa. Atendo-se sobretudo aos estágios iniciais, em que se mostram as raízes da agressividade, o estudo explicita a natureza múltipla do fenômeno segundo a sua raiz no processo de amadurecimento, descrevendo o caráter das manifestações agressivas no estágio de dependência absoluta do bebê em relação à mãe e nos estágios em que a dependência se torna relativa. São abordadas algumas implicações para a clínica winnicottiana.The article talks about some of the main aspects of the winnicottian conception regarding human aggressiveness and destructiveness, in the light of the maturation theory. Pointing out that this is one of the themes where we can better see the pragmatic change operated by Winnicott regarding traditional psychoanalysis, the article examines the author's position by which, instead of the manifestation of intra-psychic forces or affections, human aggressiveness and destructiveness are intrinsically related to the constitution issue of the sense of external reality. Keeping, over all, to the initial stages, where the roots of aggressiveness are seen, the study explains the multiple nature of the phenomenon as per its roots in the maturation process, describing the character of the aggressive manifestations in the state of absolute dependence of the baby in relation to the mother, and in the stages where the dependence becomes relative. A few implications for the winnicottian clinic are mentioned. (shrink)

Este artigo é um comentário crítico sobre o encontro científico promovido, em 12 de novembro de 1968, pela Sociedade Psicanalítica de Nova Iorque, no qual Winnicott pronunciou uma palestra intitulada "O uso de um objeto", seguida de um debate com quatro analistas dessa Sociedade. O relato desse encontro consta da Ata do encontro, que foi redigida por David Milrod. Após apresentar algumas considerações gerais sobre o debate e as circunstâncias que o cercaram, assinalam-se aspectos centrais da contribuição de Winnicott e (...) o teor das críticas que lhe foram dirigidas pelos debatedores.This article is a critical commentary of the scientific meeting organized on the November 12th, 1968, by the New York Psychoanalytic Society, during which Winnicott presented a paper entitled "The Use of an Object", which was followed by a discussion with four members of the Society. The report on this meeting is contained in the Acts written by David Milrod. After making brief considerations on the circumstances in which the debate was held, we present the central elements of Winnicott´s contribution as well as an analyses of objections raised against it. (shrink)

Antonio Andrés es un filósofo español del siglo XIV, muy conocido por la relación que mantuvo con Duns Escoto en París. Por esta razón, algunos escritos de Antonio Andrés han sido confundidos con los escritos de Duns Escoto. En este trabajo se estudian dos problemas: primero, determinar qué obras pertenecen a Antonio Andrés; segundo, mostrar si Antonio Andrés fue un filósofo original o bien fue un mero recopilador y difusor de los escritos de Duns Escoto.Antonio Andrés in a Spanish philosopher (...) who lived in 14th century. He is well known because of his relation to Duns Scot. That's why some writings of Antonio Andrés have been confounded with the writings of Duns Scot. Two problems are studied in this work; first, to appoint which writings belong to Antonio Andrés; second, to prove if Antonio Andrés was either an original philosopher or a mere commentator of Duns Scot's writings. (shrink)

Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) are intended to develop, maintain and administrate information using computer systems, communication networks, portable dispositives, etc. In addition to that, this paper deals with ICT’s power to create new contexts: what is called digital ambiences. According to the author the design and even the concept of these intelligent ambiences has problems that have to do both with the use of reasoning and the display of inferential and interpretative processes to interact with the social context in (...) an individual or a collective way. (shrink)